Drying Characteristics of Barley Grain Dried in a Spouted-Bed and Combined IR-Convection Dryers

A study was performed to determine the drying characteristics and quality of barley grain dried in a laboratory scale spouted-bed dryer at 30, 35, 40, and 45°C and an inlet air velocity of 23 m/s^-1, and in an IR-convection dryer under an infrared radiation intensity of 0.048, 0.061, 0.073, and 0.107 W cm^-2 at an air velocity of 0.5 m/s^-1. The results show that the first, relatively short, phase of a sharp decrease in the drying rate was followed by the phase of a slow decrease. The time of barley drying depended on temperature of inlet air in a spouted-bed dryer and on radiation intensities in an IR-convection dryer. Barley drying at 45°C in a spouted-bed dryer was accompanied by the lowest total energy consumption. The average specific energy consumption was lower and the average efficiency of drying was higher for drying in a spouted-bed dryer. The effective diffusivities were in the range 2.20-4.52 × 10^-11 m² s^-1 and 3.04-4.79 × 10^-11 m²/s^-1 for barley dried in a spouted-bed and in an IR-convection dryer, respectively. There were no significant differences in kernel germination energy and capacity between the two drying methods tested.     

利用地震属性资料解释河道

地下某一层段的地震属性特征通常揭示了一些地质或沉积特征，如礁体、河道、三角洲、地台等。文中采用分层段切片解释方法，对塔河油田外围兰尕三维资料进行切片分析，在三叠系上油组地层中的振幅属性平面图上分布有南北方向的河道，地震解释剖面及钻井资料也得到证实。研究中发现，分析时窗的大小决定了振幅属性在河道处能量的强弱，根据河道的分布可以追踪河道砂岩体及其分布范围，为研究有利储层提供了可靠依据。     

Relative importance of evaluation criteria for enterprise systems: a conjoint study

Abstract.  While a large body of research exists on the development and implementation of software, organizations are increasingly acquiring enterprise software packages [e.g. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems] instead of custom developing their own software applications. To be competitive in the marketplace, software package development firms must manage the three-pronged trade-off between cost, quality and functionality. Surprisingly, prior research has made little attempt to investigate the characteristics of packaged software that influence management information system (MIS) managers' likelihood of recommending purchase. As a result, both the criteria by which MIS managers evaluate prospective packaged systems and the attributes that lead to commercially competitive ERP software products are poorly understood. This paper examines this understudied issue through a conjoint study. We focus on ERP systems, which are among the largest and most complex packaged systems that are purchased by organizations. In a conjoint study, 1008 evaluation decisions based on hypothetical ERP software package profiles were completed by managers in 126 organizations. The study represents the first empirical investigation of the relative importance that managers ascribe to various factors that are believed to be important in evaluating packaged software. The results provide important insights for both organizations that acquire such systems and those that develop them. The results show that functionality, reliability, cost, ease of use and ease of customization are judged to be important criteria, while ease of implementation and vendor reputation were not found to be significant. Functionality and reliability were found to be the most heavily weighted factors. We conclude the paper with a detailed discussion of the results and their implications for software acquisition and development practice.     

南水北调工程与管理

随着南水北调规划论证工作的深入，管理正成为南水北调工程的一个约束性课题。南水北调工程的建设管理应以各方利益的均衡为基础，投资分摊应适应公司化运作的建设管理体制，管理中应广泛借助外部力量；南水北调工程未来的运营管理必须结合建设提前考虑，在事权划分明晰的基础上，以现代科技手段为保障的合同化管理将是有效的手段。     

Activity of two lignin biosynthesis enzymes during development of a maize internode

To ascertain the temporal relationships of phcnylpropanoid and lignin pathway enzymes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and cinnamyl alcohol- NADPH dehydrogenase(CAD), with lignin concentration, PAL and CAD activities and lignin concentrations were assessed during progressive development of the 10th internode in maize (Zea mays L). Enzyme activities were quantified and lignin concentrations were determined by the detergent system of fiber fractiona- tion from lower, middle, and upper sections of the elongating internode harvested 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days after the internode had reached 10 mm in length. Over 15 days, a coordinated, sequential, and basipetal pattern of enzyme activities and lignin accumulation evolved through the internode, spanning the stages of rapid elongation, cellular differentiation, and secondary cell wall formation. PAL activity was initiated first, rising to peak activity in elongating tissue, and falling basipetally in tissues as they matured. CAD activity rose in fully elongated, maturing internode tissue where PAL activity was waning following its peak activity. Lignin accumulated in tissues with high CAD activity. CAD activity and lignin deposition patterns were similar: simultaneously increasing in activity and deposition over time while activity and deposition also shifting basipetally through the internode, keeping pace with secondary cell wall formation. Lignin concentration correlated significantly with CAD, but not with PAL.     

黄河水市场的建立与水资源的优化配置

1987年国务院批准了黄河可供水理分配方案，1994年黄河水利委员会又向沿黄省（区）颁发了《取水许可证》。随着流域社会经济的发展，黄河水资源供需矛盾愈加突出。目前黄河水资源管理调度体制还存在政府指令配水严重失控、没有引入激励补偿机制、同比例丰增枯减的原则不利于水资源优化配置等问题。在黄河上建立水市场符合市场经济规律，可以促进节水，提高水资源的利用率，改善生态环境，有利于水资源的高效配置和合理利用。     

准最佳二进阵列偶

本文在最佳二进阵列、准最佳二进阵列和最佳二进阵列偶的基础上,定义了一种新的最佳信号,即准最佳二进阵列偶.讨论了准最佳二进阵列偶的体积、变换性质,并对其进行了Fourier频谱分析,得到了部分有益的结果.还用计算机穷举搜索出了体积从2~24的准最佳二进阵列偶.     

国有企业公司治理结构的缺陷分析与对策

多数国有大中型企业实行公司化改制后经营状况依然不佳,直接原因在于公司的治理存在严重的问题和缺陷。规范的公司治理结构能有效缓解代理问题。国有企业的产权残缺性,使公司治理结构中的直接监督和间接监督等有效手段不能充分发挥。通过股权结构的分散化调整,充分发挥非国有股权所有者的作用,建立有效的公司治理结构。     

股票期权的会计处理方法研究

经理人股票期权是对管理者实行的长期激励制度，由于我国制度上的缺陷，目前在我国没有统一的处理方法，本文讨论的主要是在国际上股票期权的确认、计量以及在会计报表中披露的会计方法。     

松辽流域初始水权分配实践与探索

根据松辽流域用水现状和需水预测,流域水资源承载能力将成为流域经济社会可持续发展的关键制约因素.节水型社会建设是解决这一问题的战略举措.水权制度建设和水市场建立是水资源管理适应市场经济的正确选择.面对松辽流域水资源管理的实际情况,流域初始用水权分配是实现战略举措的一项基础工作,也是水权制度建设和水市场建立的起步工作.结合松辽流域的具体情况,松辽委适时组织开展了流域初始用水权分配专题研究,并在霍林河与大凌河流域进行了初始用水权分配的实践探索.